Cardiac oedema
occurs in congestive heart failure. The venous pressure and consequently the
capillaries pressure is raised. Oedema in the legs and feet occurs in those who
habitually stand and walk. Over the sacrum in those who sit, and the lower part
of the back and buttocks in those who lie. The kidneys are involved and the
secretion of sodium is diminished. An important factor causing oedema is the
inability of the kidney to excrete sodium.
Oedema due to
lymphatic obstruction is most characteristically, though not invariable, seen
in the arm after radical mastectomy, as the surgeon has removed the lymph
glands which drain the axillary area. This form of oedema also occurs in
elephantiasis due to filariasis caused by a tropical parasite which blocks the
lymphatics.
Oedema is also seen in thrombosis of the
deep veins of the leg which is a dangerous complication of prolonged
confinement to be and which allows the blood flow to become too sluggish so
that clots from. It may also be the result of infection.
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